The book Sexuality, Science and Profession in Brazil, organized by anthropologist Jane Russo and psychologist Alain Giami, maps the professional field of sexology in the country. The research, coordinated by the Latin American Center for Sexuality and Human Rights (CLAM) of the Institute of Social Medicine (IMS/Uerj), in partnership with Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale – France), seeks to outline the specificity of contemporary forms of medicalization of sexuality, taking into account that such a process involves, at the same time, both social control and the production of identities and forms of subjectivity, in addition to being inserted in a broader process of modernization and globalization . The work also offers a framework on the emergence and consolidation of Brazilian sexology in its various aspects. In addition, it provides subsidies for a critical discussion of the dilemmas surrounding contemporary sexuality.